research report

Pilot Study of Driving Safety Counseling at the Memory Aging and Resiliency Clinic (MARC)

Abstract

The UC San Diego Training Research and Education for Driving Safety (TREDs) program worked with the Memory Aging and Resiliency Clinic (MARC) at the UC San Diego (UCSD) Department of Psychiatry to assess the feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of driving safety counseling for patients with memory concerns. Patients who presented for care to the Memory Aging and Resiliency Clinic were given a battery of cognitive testing, for the purposes of assessing and diagnosing their memory issues, and this project supported additional testing during these visits, including vision and frailty testing as well as testing using a driving simulator where participant permission and time permitted. Counseling was provided to the patients at the Memory Aging and Resiliency Clinic clinic exit interview, including cognitive diagnosis. A post-recommendation assessment was provided to the patient or family within 1-2 months via phone. In total, 25 clients were seen: 6 were advised to stop driving, 2 to limit their driving; and the others were given advice on how to continue to driver safety. The pilot informed the generation of protocols on driving screening for other geriatric clinics, and these protocols have been posted at the Training Research and Education for Driving Safety website treds.ucsd.edu. The feasibility and acceptability of driving safety counseling have not been well studied to date in memory clinics, and this report provides guidance for implementing similar programs across the state.

research report

Long Distance Travel and Destination Attractiveness

Publication Date

June 1, 2018

Author(s)

Elizabeth McBride, Konstadinos Goulias, Adam Davis

Abstract

This report provides a summary of analyses using data from long-distance tours by each household from an 8-week California Household Travel Survey travel log. The first analysis uses Structural Equations Models (SEM) and a simpler variant called Path Analysis on three censored variables (tour miles by air, miles driving, and miles by public transportation) and two categorical variables (main trip tour purpose) and number of overnight stays. The second analysis uses Latent Class Cluster Analysis (LCCA) to identify five distinct, informative patterns of long-distance travel. This analysis shows that long-distance tours for vacation, business travel, medical, and shopping are substantially distinct in terms of their travel characteristics and correspond to different combinations of other activities in the tour and they are done by different types of households. The methods used here to identify the typology of long-distance travel can be easily expanded to include a variety of other explanatory variables of this type of behavior in more focused data collection settings.

dissertation, thesis, or capstone

Unequal Streets: Active Transportation Safety Disparities in the SCAG Region

research report

An Analysis of Travel Characteristics of Carless Households in California

Abstract

In spite of their substantial number in the U.S., the research team’s understanding of the travel behavior of households who do not own motor vehicles (labeled “carless” herein) is sketchy. The goal of this paper is to start filling this gap for California. We perform parametric and non-parametric tests to analyze trip data from the 2012 California Household Travel Survey (CHTS) after classifying carless households as voluntarily carless, involuntarily carless, or unclassifiable based on a California Household Travel Survey question that inquires why a carless household does not own any motor vehicle. We find substantial differences between the different categories of carless households. Compared to their voluntarily carless peers, involuntarily carless households travel less frequently, their trips are longer and they take more time, partly because their environment is not as well adapted to their needs. They also walk/bike less, depend more on transit, and when they travel by motor vehicle, occupancy is typically higher. Their median travel time is longer, but remarkably, it is similar for voluntarily carless and motorized households. Overall, involuntarily carless households are less mobile, which may contribute to a more isolated lifestyle with a lower degree of well-being. Compared to motorized households, carless households rely a lot less on motor vehicles and much more on transit, walking, and biking. They also take less than half as many trips and their median trip distance is less than half as short. This study is a first step toward better understanding the transportation patterns of carless households.

policy brief

The Equity Challenges and Outcomes of California County Transportation Sales Taxes

research report

Do Compact, Accessible, and Walkable Communities Promote Gender Equality?

Abstract

Directing growth towards denser communities with mixed-use, accessible, and walkable neighborhood design has become an important strategy for promoting sustainability, but few studies have examined whether compact development strategies could help reduce within-household gender disparities in spatial behavior by increasing accessibility. The research team analyzed the spatial behavior of heterosexual married couples in Southern California based on the 2012 California Household Travel Survey and found that households living in areas with greater regional accessibility and neighborhood walkability have smaller, more centered, and more compact activity spaces overall compared to households in less compact areas, and that married pairs living in more accessible areas have greater equality in the size and centeredness of their activity spaces. Results support the hypothesis that compact development provides married couples greater flexibility in how they divide household out-of-home activities by making destinations more convenient. Future research and planning efforts should carefully consider which aspects of compact, accessible development are most effective for a given local context.

policy brief

Can Smog Repairs Mean Social Justice? The Tune In and Tune Up Smog Repair Program in the San Joaquin Valley

policy brief

Lessons from Transportation Agency Participation in Regional Conservation Initiatives

Abstract

Transportation agencies often struggle to balance wildlife habitat preservation with infrastructure development, leading to challenging approval processes for transportation projects in sensitive environments. The Endangered Species Act (ESA) requires that public and private project developers mitigate any harm to endangered species and receive a permit from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS). Transportation projects are typically permitted individually, which can be time-consuming and expensive. The ESA’s Regional Habitat Conservation Plan (RHCP) is a tool to help agencies protect the environment while streamlining the permit process for infrastructure development. By addressing environmental issues on a regional scale, RHCPs allow one permit to cover projects in multiple jurisdictions for up to 75 years. RHCPs are popular with transportation agencies, but they require unique collaboration with other stakeholders. Researchers at UCLA examined 21 RHCPs to better understand the nature of these institutional collaborations and ways to maintain them over time

policy brief

Design and Implementation of the Enhanced Fleet Modernization PlusUp Pilot Program: Lessons Learned from the San Joaquin Valley and South Coast Air Districts’ First Year of Operation

Abstract

In order to reach California’s ambitious air quality and climate change mitigation goals, the state needs a cleaner and more efficient transportation system. Replacing older, heavily-polluting cars with cleaner, more fuel-efficient vehicles is a first step. To help with this effort, the California Air Resources Board introduced the Enhanced Fleet Modernization Program (EFMP) Plus-Up pilot program in June 2015. EFMP Plus-Up increases incentives for for low- and moderate-income households to retire and replace older and inefficient vehicles, providing up to $9,500 toward the purchase of plug-in hybrids or electric vehicles.The program was implemented as a pilot phase in the San Joaquin Valley Air (SJV) Pollution Control District and the South Coast Air (SCA) Quality Control District. Researchers at UCLA used program data from these districts to better understand the initial impact of the program

policy brief

Can Smog Repairs Create Social Justice? The Tune In & Tune Up Smog Repair Program in the San Joaquin Valley

Abstract

High levels of car travel contribute to poor air quality in California’s San Joaquin Valley (SJV), but car usage is unlikely to decline in the near future, as the region is not dense enough to support an effective transit system as an alternative for personal travel. The region’s air quality presents a significant environmental justice concern given the high percentage of minority and low-income residents in the Valley. To combat the harm caused by high-emitting vehicles, the SJV Air Pollution Control District and the nonprofit Valley Clean Air Now (Valley CAN) started the Tune In & Tune Up (TI&TU) program, providing SJV residents with free emission testing and vouchers for smog repair at a series of publicly-held events across the Valley. Since 2012, the program has distributed more than $12 million in redeemed vouchers.UCLA researchers evaluated the TI&TU program’s efficiency, environmental, and equity outcomes, and considered its relevance for expansion and adoption in other regions. Their findings are not only relevant to regional and state policymakers in California’s transportation planning and air quality fields, but to practitioners and scholars studying policies to support transportation equity and environmental justice more broadly