Abstract
This study investigates the evolution of shared micromobility vehicle design and safety practices in the San Francisco Bay Area from 2017 to 2024. Shared micromobility includes e-bikes and e-scooters. Stakeholder interviews revealed that limited protected bike lanes, poorly designed or neglected e-bike and e-scooter fleets, deteriorating road infrastructure, and unsafe rider behavior have impeded the widespread adoption of shared micromobility in urban areas. There is a pressing need for consistent design standards for lighting, battery charging, braking systems, vehicle frames, and wheel sizing to further improve safety and vehicle durability. Recommendations include expanding protected bike lanes, improving road maintenance, offering e-bike riding lessons, promoting helmet use, and encouraging substance-free riding. Enhancing vehicle security and implementing battery safety protocols are also critical for improving charging accessibility and reducing theft and fire risks.
