research report

Monitoring the Cost Effectiveness of the Caltrans Freeway Service Patrol (FSP) SB1 Funded Expansion

Abstract

California’s Freeway Service Patrol (FSP) is a congestion mitigation program managed in partnership with metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs), California Highway Patrol, and Caltrans on California’s urban freeways. The program utilizes a fleet of roving tow and service trucks designed to reduce traffic congestion by efficiently getting disabled vehicles running again, or by quickly towing those vehicles off of the freeway to a designated safe location. Quickly removing motorists and their disabled vehicles from the freeway reduces the chances of further incidents caused by onlookers and impatient drivers. In addition, FSP helps save fuel and reduce air-polluting emissions by reducing stop-and-go traffic. California’s Road Repair and Accountability Act (SB 1) invests $5.4 billion annually over the next decade to help fix and repair California’s transportation system.  It will address a backlog of repairs and upgrades while ensuring a cleaner and more sustainable travel network for the future.  California’s Freeway Service Patrol received SB 1 funding to expand its service to motorists across California’s congested freeways. In its first year of implementation (fiscal year 2018-19), SB 1 funded FSP program expansion and provided over 118,000 dollars of assistance to California’s motorists.  The SB 1 funded FSP expansions provided almost $47M dollars in benefits to motorists while costing the State under $9M.  On average, the SB 1-funded FSP expansions provided 5 times as much benefit to California’s motorists as these expansions cost the State.

white paper

State-of-the-Knowledge White Paper Series: How Zero-Emission Vehicle Incentives and Related Policies Affect the Market

Abstract

How, and how effectively, different electric vehicle (EV) related policies will work is an immediate and important question for California as the state updates its electric vehicle policies. Adding urgency, Assembly Bill (AB) 615, which was signed by the Governor, requires the California Air Resources Board (CARB) to produce a report by December 2018 on related topics, in consultation with the University of California Institute of Transportation Studies (UC ITS). Senate Bill (SB) 498, also signed, also requires CARB reporting with somewhat different but overlapping topics. The need is to define the state of the research on policies to support electric vehicle deployment in a manner that is directly usable by California in updating policies. The specific need for CARB is material estimates of these factors (called out in AB 615): impact of income caps, increased rebates for low-income consumers, and increased outreach on the electric vehicle market, as well as a quantification of emissions reductions attributable to the Clean Vehicle Rebate Project.This white paper is one in a series summarizing recent research findings for the state of California. The topic of the series is evaluating the important components of electric vehicle adoption and its effects. The goals of these white papers are to: 1. Synthesize the best published and ongoing research available on each topic; 2. Highlight important research gaps and propose areas for future research; 3. Provide the reader with a framework for understanding the various dimensions of each topic; 4. Make a clear link between research findings and policy implications, if possible; and 5. Be accessible to an informed and interested, but non-technical audience.

research report

Delayed Mobility and Retirement: Final Report

Publication Date

June 1, 2019

Author(s)

Andrew Schouten, Evelyn Blumenberg, Martin Wachs, Miriam Pinski

Abstract

This report examines whether being more mobile is associated with decisions by older people to remain in the active workforce after normal retirement age. Mobility includes having access to and the capacity to drive cars being transit accessible or being able to walk to work or work at home. The report presents findings in three sections and concludes, based on research conducted thus far, that there are indications of causal associations between mobility and delayed retirement. The report includes a review of the literature linking mobility, travel by the elderly, and retirement decision-making. Following the review of the literature is a quantitative analysis of data from the California Household Travel Survey, including mathematical models of relationships between mobility and the propensity of older Californians to remain in the active workforce. The final component of the research findings is a summary of the results of qualitative research consisting of focus groups and interviews. While the findings are not conclusive they show relationships that indicate that further research, particularly using longitudinal rather than cross-sectional data, are warranted. After presenting findings, the report concludes with recommendations for further research.

published journal article

Infrastructure-Aided Networking for Autonomous Vehicular Systems

Abstract

We study infrastructure-aided data communication networking for autonomous transportation systems. The infrastructure consists of Roadside Units (RSU) which are placed along the side of a highway segment and are connected by optical fiber. The infrastructure provides full communication coverage of the segment’s vehicles. We present a data networking protocol enabling packet flows to be disseminated to all vehicles within a specified span. We study the performance behavior of the synthesized data network as a function of the number of employed RSU nodes. For each case, we configure the structure of the medium access control scheduling scheme, and configure the employed Modulation Coding Schemes (MCS) and corresponding data rates, the transmit power levels, and the spatial-reuse factors. We aim to obtain high throughput rates under prescribed packet delay limits. In addition, we impose high packet successful reception rate requirements to ensure reliable dissemination of packet flows.

policy brief

A Zero-Emission Vehicle Registration Fee is Not a Sustainable Funding Source for Maintaining California’s Roadways

Abstract

Transportation infrastructure funding is falling short at the federal and state level, in part because the fuel tax mechanism is outdated. The Road Repair and Accountability Act of 2017 (SB1)1 provides additional revenue for transportation infrastructure improvements by increasing California’s gasoline and diesel taxes, and introducing additional registration fees for vehicles. This includes a new $100 annual fee for zero-emission vehicles (ZEVs) because they do not use gasoline and therefore do not contribute towards the maintenance of California’s roadways. California is now one of 19 states that have assessed fees on Battery-Electric Vehicles (BEVs) or Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs).
To gain a better understanding of the trade-offs and implications of instituting a new fee on ZEVs, the California Legislature requested the Institute of Transportation Studies at UC Davis to make “recommendations on potential methodologies to raise revenue from zero-emission and low-emission vehicle owners to achieve the state’s transportation electrification, clean air, and climate targets established under law while also ensuring those vehicle owners pay their fair share of any costs borne by motorists to fund improvements to the transportation system.” Key findings from this research are presented below with a full report available at: https://www.ucits.org/research-project/assessing-alternatives-to-californias-electric-vehicle-registration-fee/

policy brief

Vehicle Design May Be Critical to Encourage Ride-pooling in Shared Automated Vehicles

Abstract

In his book entitled Three Revolutions: Steering Shared, Automated and Electric Vehicles to a Better Future, UC Davis Professor Dan Sperling describes two scenarios that could result from new automated vehicles (AVs). In the “nightmare scenario,” consumers privately own AVs and vehicle miles travelled (VMT) per capita increase (along with traffic and emissions) due to greater ease and accessibility of car travel. In the “dream scenario,” consumers relinquish private car ownership in favor of pooling rides in shared autonomous vehicle (SAV) fleets, resulting in a reduction of VMT per capita, traffic, and emissions. Achieving the dream scenario depends on consumers’ willingness to share rides with others. Public policy that incentivizes manu-facturers to produce “pooling-supportive” vehicle design may be critical to encouraging a market shift towards shared mobility. However, little is known regarding the conditions under which riders will tolerate (or even benefit) from ride-pooling. To address this gap in knowledge, UC Davis conducted a study exploring the potential risks and benefits of sharing a ride with a stranger in an SAV, and articulating potential solutions based on vehicle and ride-hailing service design.

policy brief

Transit Investments are Having an Impact on Land Use Beyond the Half-Mile Mark

Abstract

Recent years have witnessed a growing interest in transit-
oriented development (TOD) and other transit-centered
initiatives. It has been widely presumed that transit investment
can significantly contribute to curbing sprawl and creating
a more compact (and thus more sustainable) pattern of
urban land use, while providing a broader range of travel
options. However, little is known about how investments in
the public transit system modify urban land use patterns and
the geographical extent of impacts. Prior research tends to
assume transit lines and stations are homogeneous and have
similar impacts without careful consideration of development
history, service quality, or other variations. In addition, prior
research and current practice often assume transit impacts
are concentrated within a half-mile, which has limited the
understanding of how transit investments impact the broader
vicinity.

research report

Subsidizing Mass Adoption of Electric Vehicles: Quasi-Experimental Evidence from California

Abstract

Little is known about the demand for electric vehicles (EVs) in the mass market. In this paper, the research team exploits a natural experiment that provides variation in large EV subsidies targeted at low- and middle-income households in California. Using transaction-level data, the team estimates two important policy parameters using triple differences: the subsidy elasticity of demand for EVs and the rate of subsidy pass-through. Estimates show that demand for EVs amongst low- and middle-income households is price-elastic and pass-through is complete. THe research paper uses these estimates to calculate the expected subsidy bill required for California to reach its goal of 1.5 million EVs by 2025.

research report

An Examination of the Impact That Electric Vehicle Incentives Have on Consumer Purchase Decisions Over Time

Abstract

The research team investigates the impacts of a combination of incentives on the purchase decisions of electric vehicle (EV) buyers in California from 2010 through 2017. The team employs a comprehensive survey of over 14,000 purchasers of EVs in California. The survey covers a range of purchase intentions, general demographics, and the importance of various incentives. The results indicate that the most important incentives for plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) owners are the federal tax credit, the state rebate, and HOV lane access. In addition, the importance of the incentives and their associated effect on purchase behavior has been changing over time: respondents are more likely to change their decisions and not buy a vehicle at all as time passes and the technology moves away from early adopters.