Abstract
Vehicle exhaust emissions have been decreasing due to stricter regulations and advancements in control strategies. However, non-exhaust emissions from brake and tire wear have not been extensively regulated in the past, and their relative contribution to particulate matter (PM) in urban areas is increasing. This article examines the effect of a vehicle’s mass and braking intensity on brake and tire particles based on on-road data collected from three different types of vehicles under real-world driving conditions.
