Project Summary
Freight facilities such as warehouses are key indirect sources of air pollution, primarily through truck traffic that generates nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM2.5). Air districts like the San Joaquin Valley and South Coast have adopted indirect source rules (ISRs), e.g., Rules 9510 and 2305, to mitigate these impacts in California. As new legislation proposes expanding such rules statewide, there is an urgent need to assess their environmental effectiveness and implications, especially given flexible compliance options and overlaps with state programs like the Advanced Clean Truck Rule. Additionally, ISRs can potentially fill in current gaps in state efforts to foster the adoption of zero-emission truck technologies. They are also being considered by other states such as New York and New Jersey.
Therefore, this project evaluates the potential impacts of a statewide Indirect Source Rule using Rule 2305 (e.g., WAIRE Program) as a baseline. A joint UC Davis–UC Riverside team will implement a multi-stage approach: compiling a warehouse inventory, modeling compliance decisions, estimating emissions reductions from WAIRE strategies, and developing a statewide inventory using satellite and land use data. The project will compare emissions trajectories under full compliance and business-as-usual scenarios, focusing on NOx and PM2.5.
